The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. consider a seismograph stationed 3, To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. 0000003855 00000 n Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. 83 0 obj <> endobj Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. All rights reserved. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Legal. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. graph. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. lag time. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. How far do S waves travel in 5 What data is used to determine magnitude? Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? It takes S waves 14. The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. 0000006538 00000 n velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the 0000000956 00000 n 0000001746 00000 n (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). (i. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Subjects: The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. different types of seismic waves. epicenter of an earthquake, how What is an earthquake? By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. 0000004457 00000 n What are those limits? The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. 0000055643 00000 n 0000001143 00000 n Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. 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Download. 0000001562 00000 n %PDF-1.5 % locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. Finding the Epicenter. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 0000009174 00000 n Then do the same for the S-wave. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. time for any point that is 3,000 miles 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. d>(ZvO= xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. For this activity, select the "Chile" box. (Grades Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Make changes to the sample. Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. S waves. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Last modified July 18, 2012. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." Focal Depth. S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. distance = travel time for S waves We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. question 1 of 3. 0000106240 00000 n To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. The process is called triangulation. Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. You will receive your score and answers at the end. (Grades a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. 01. 0000003966 00000 n Do limits exist on what science can predict? Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. Details. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. earthquake though). Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. (Grades 9 - 12). At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). 0000001893 00000 n 0000001604 00000 n Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." Do you agree with this alignment? m>r/Q[6 Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. 0000003991 00000 n Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. Reading Strategy. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Copyright 2023. 1. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. The travel-time graph Section A - Operator Information 1. The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. Use this information to complete the following. Seismograms Add to Library. 0000002383 00000 n Figure 13.10). 0000002009 00000 n 0000115324 00000 n between arrival of P and S waves is called 0000008088 00000 n seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Do you agree with this alignment? There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. 0000001862 00000 n 9 - Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA 1. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. Moment magnitude scale. Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. The Earthquakes Living Lab gives students the chance to track earthquakes across the planet and examine where, why and how they are occurring. Three seismographs are needed. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. longer or shorter). Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. 9 - BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream earthquake. to the lag time measured at this location? (Figure 3):. and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. 0000002094 00000 n Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. 1. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. 0000001533 00000 n As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. (Listen to student ideas.) I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? earthquakes. 61 33 X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Also called seismometer. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream 107 0 obj <>stream 0000004060 00000 n Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. Figure 8. How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? 0000030240 00000 n 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. 4. Alignment agreement: In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. 0000005149 00000 n Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . Quick Tips. (Grades 0000078100 00000 n 0000103591 00000 n The vertical lines, spaced one This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. H\0y Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). Many updates and improvements! 0000033429 00000 n important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. 0000004511 00000 n pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface American Geosciences Institute. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. As you may know, people have look numerous times for .
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