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15 <= NWF < 25. Then, using the NWF CLS end-of-year goal as an internal criterion, we established the benchmark goals and cut points for risk for middle-of-year NWF CLS. Data from the 2014-2015 school year were exported from three separate data management systems and combined into one data set. Also, Im curious as to what Dibels nonsense word fluency is. 2. If the student does not say any correct letter sounds in the first row, the assessment is discontinued and a score of 0 is recorded. Students receive an overall ranking of Intensive (Red), Strategic (Yellow), or Core (Green) to show what type of support is needed. Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF): Nonsense word fluency begins in kindergarten and is tested through second grade. It is an assessment system designed to assess all students progress. Overview of the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity, Behavior Supports for Intensive Intervention, Intensive Intervention & Special Education, How can we Ensure IEP Teams Provide the Most Intensive Supports, Supporting Students with Disabilities at School and Home, Intensive Intervention & English Learners, Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity: Considerations for English Learners, Intensive Intervention & Virtual Delivery, Going Virtual: Considerations for Adjusting DBI, Using Sample Lessons to Support Continuity of Learning, Intensive Intervention Infographics for Families, Using Sample Lessons for Continuity of Learning, Strengthening Intensive Intervention Preparation: A Guide for Faculty. The DIBELS Composite Score is a combination of multiple DIBELS scores and provides the best overall estimate of the students early literacy skills and/or reading proficiency. Fluency in identifying the individual sounds/phonemes that make up a word presented orally. Oral reading fluency refers to the ability to read connected text with ease, accuracy, and expression. These handouts are designed to be sent home following each benchmark period. At that point, a child reading below 20 words in a minute must receive immediate intervention. ZCp>N+~-e]ZecI%/K1>+c,K.uRdak8IHjZdp"deQum,#lKZ;`J0 The DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) measure is a standardized, individually administered test of the alphabetic principle including letter-sound correspondence in which letters represent their most common sounds and of the ability to blend letters into words in which letters represent their most common sounds (Kaminski & Good, 1996). M{gq"DiSMu1J_iU(cxpR]eiyX2swqY\AQDQEHdE]\tv`_vap~AVG\M63.pUcpS:].x%_9WQ9XQ9TX@5g8gN}~g#=zwT & (Select all that apply). What is the scariest road in North Carolina? Measure/Skills Assessed: PSF-Phonological Awareness. The ultimate language arts goal is for students to be able to read books fluently and also comprehend what they read. Students clap syllables, jump on each one, or do something else to indicate the number of syllables in a word. (NWF) Word Reading Fluency (WRF) For information on how to calculate the composite score, see the DIBELS Next Non-sense Word Fluency (NWF) - Students are given a list of "non-sense" words to read. These entities supply the textual information shown above, but not the ratings accompanying the text. The . Pretentious diction is used to portray biases as impartial and scientific, whereas meaningless words are used to prevent the reader from seeing the point of the statement. At the beginning of second grade, students still need to be at or above 50 with intervention provided for children below that until they reach goals. Is the, The woolly bear is a fuzzy, orange, and black caterpillar with a large head and a dull, yellow to orange moth that turns into a, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. DIBELS NWF is a standardized, individually administered test of a student's alphabetic principle skills, including letter-sound correspondences and of the ability to blend letters into words in which letters represent their most common sounds. At the beginning of second grade, students still need to be at or above 50 with intervention provided for children below that until they reach goals. It assesses knowledge of basic letter-sound correspondences and the ability to blend letter sounds into consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) and vowel-consonant (VC) words. We frequently break words into syllables when teaching phonemic awareness. Most data-management services will calculate the DIBELS Composite Score for you. To keep NWF CLS as much an external criterion as possible for grades K and 1, CLS scores at the beginning and middle of year were examined, as possible (details below). What is a good DIBELS score for 1st grade? 44 wpm NWF Nonsense Word Fluency Focus: CLS (Correct Letter Sounds) WWR (Whole Words Read) Measure of the alphabetic principle and basi c phonics. %PDF-1.4 % 0000000576 00000 n *In the table below, report the results of the validity analyses described above (e.g., concurrent or predictive validity, evidence based on response processes, evidence based on internal structure, evidence based on relations to other variables, and/or evidence based on consequences of testing), and the criterion measures. Use precise, simple language to introduce key concepts and procedures. All rights reserved. 724 0 obj <>stream )`, There are two scores for NWF. Our assessments have been built on decades of research in curriculum-based measurement science, delivering a proven approach that screens for at-risk . h1 04 Below Benchmark. The Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) is the number of letter sounds produced correctly. The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) help to identify whether a child will struggle with reading and to identify the child's current reading level. PSF- Phoneme Segmentation Fluency Supporting English Learners Using Data to Drive Instruction. The research-based subtests are predictive of later reading proficiency and contribute to a composite score that is the single best predictor of later reading development. DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency Practice Activity Instructions for Completing the Activity: 1. They are told if they cant read the whole word, they should say any sound they know. Like CBM, DIBELS were developed to be economical and efficient indicators of a student's progress toward achieving a general outcome. for Civil Rights. What are DIBELS? Retaliation is prohibited by NWF-WRC measures basic phonics and blending skills. Teachers can't wait that long to assess a student's reading skills. To have tolerated enough nonsense: conduct, action, etc. DIBELS was developed based on Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM), which were created by Deno and colleagues through the Institute for Research and Learning Disabilities at the University of Minnesota in the 1970s-80s (e.g., Deno and Mirkin, 1977; Deno, 1985; Deno and Fuchs, 1987; Shinn, 1989). The predictive validity coefficients reported below represent the correlations between NWF CLS in the first year (year 1) and the students' scores on ORF Words Correct at the end of the following year (year 2). that is senseless, foolish, or absurd. Click Standardized Test Reporting. If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated validity data. noun. Describe any other procedures for specifying adequate growth and minimum acceptable end of year performance. Research on DIBELS continues to this day at the UO's Center on Teaching and Learning (CTL) and has been conducted by dozens of UO faculty and students (e.g., Cummings, Park, & Bauer Schaper, 2013; Cummings, Stoolmiller, Baker, Fien, & Kameenui, 2015; Smolkowski & Cummings, 2016; Stoolmiller, Biancarosa, & Fien, 2013). If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated reliability data. When used correctly it can help teachers plan . Office of Special Education Programs. Credit is given for each correct letter sound (CLS) the student identifies, dif . NWF is designed for use with students in kindergarten through grade 2. Although DIBELS materials were initially developed to be linked to the local curriculum (Kaminski & Good, 1996), current DIBELS measures are generic and do not draw content from any specific curriculum. For example, the tester would give a student the word "cat" with the instruction that the student needs to say each individual sound in the word. Overview of the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity, Behavior Supports for Intensive Intervention, Intensive Intervention & Special Education, How can we Ensure IEP Teams Provide the Most Intensive Supports, Supporting Students with Disabilities at School and Home, Intensive Intervention & English Learners, Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity: Considerations for English Learners, Intensive Intervention & Virtual Delivery, Going Virtual: Considerations for Adjusting DBI, Using Sample Lessons to Support Continuity of Learning, Intensive Intervention Infographics for Families, Using Sample Lessons for Continuity of Learning, Strengthening Intensive Intervention Preparation: A Guide for Faculty, Stanford Achievement Test: 10th Edition (SAT-10), Cut Points - Percentile rank on criterion measure, Cut Points - Performance score on criterion measure, Cut Points - Corresponding performance score (numeric) on screener measure, AUC Estimates 95% Confidence Interval: Lower Bound, AUC Estimates 95% Confidence Interval: Upper Bound. If they fall below that score, teachers are trained to provide immediate, small group or individual intervention. Correct Letter Sounds Your NWF data can be used to quickly identify sound errors as well as identify where your student falls on the word-blending continuum. UO In turn, students with skills at or above benchmark in the middle of the year have the odds in favor of achieving the end-of-year benchmark goal. ={q>1v``a8!e cCQk N&)v}3'-rW&IxD:|d4i]s%=A6!>[_9T%3-'mK[7V@9))kg$1E.U5R3nY5+::$ij B,T `#R@70$*i. What kind of butterfly is a orange and black caterpillar. No, the midsize Honda Accord has standard front-wheel drive (FWD) and there are currently no AWD options available. The goal for the student is to complete 13 or more correct answers. They are designed to be short (one minute) fluency measures that can be used to regularly detect risk and monitor the development of early literacy and early reading skills in . She was a classroom teacher for 12 years and became a national literacy consultant, traveling the country to work with state departments, school districts and at the school level to improve literacy instruction. Each grade has an oral reading fluency goal with testing that begins in the middle of first grade. Children are not tested again on letter names in future grades because they are expected to have mastered it by the beginning of first grade. The sounds are recorded under CLSand any whole words that the student is able to read are counted under the WWR. isolationorinthecontextofthenonsense! h\An0E$gl TeDTn4yJVX^6A%fl}^&jYSz_#f_qyn)\q;CC:fyk3S\QWbZV,vEY=1{:s:=B/+}\]r\k#0C"81! The use of generic CBM methodology is typically referred to as General Outcome Measurement (GOM) (Fuchs & Deno, 1994). First Sound Fluency (FSF): This assessment is given only in kindergarten and only at the first and second benchmark period. WRC, 0.99 (99%) ORF-ACC, 11.5 for Maze Adjusted, and no scores for NWF-CLS, NWF-WRC, or WRF due to the gating rule, we would calculate this student's composite score as follows. Mark Shinn (Professor in the College of Education at the University of Oregon for 19 years) actually originated the name Dynamic Indicators of Basic Skills (Shinn, 1989, 1999). Nonsense Word Flunecy (NWF) - A DIBELS assessment that measures a student's ability to blend letters into made up words (Dynamic Measurement Group, n.d.). LNF assesses a student's ability to say the names of upper and lowercase letters in the alphabet. PDF. The number of correct letter sounds produced in 1 minute is known as the Correct Letter Sounds (CLS). NWF-CLS: Nonsense Word Fluency Correct Letter Sounds ORF-A: Oral Reading Fluency- Accuracy. Descriptive Information. endstream endobj 725 0 obj <>stream NWF is only administered at the beginning of year in grade 2. Teachers can't wait that long to assess a student's reading skills. on the statement of non-discrimination. If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated reliability data. FREE. If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated validity data. DIBELS stands for Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills. If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated validity of the slope data. Therefore, the reported predictive validity coefficient is the correlation between beginning-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2. The progress monitoring component of the DIBELS Next NWF assessment is extremely valuable. DIBELS stands for Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills. 0000004544 00000 n The student is allowed 1 minute to produce as many letter-sounds as she can, and the final score is the number of letter-sounds produced correctly in one minute. -5u@uc Predictive validity for grade K is (a) the correlation between middle-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2 and (b) the correlation between end-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2. What are the principles architectural types of Islam? Also, I'm curious as to what Dibels . Researchers at UO began work on DIBELS 8th Edition in 2016 and over the course of three years have been hard at work making the 8th Edition of DIBELS better than any previous DIBELS edition. Correct Letter Sounds Correct Letter Sounds. h|P04M*ltyUE&_l+KR`#L8bIV0db+I9IR0i$U T@xpU[0V2XWE^4=)Mr4Mr&p^&e=eA_Ww`#}0OiTBE^"~_QYE}e.gErj _p These entities supply the textual information shown above, but not the ratings accompanying the text. 1400 Crystal Drive, 10th Floor Arlington, VA 22202 The laying on of hands by those with proper authority (see Acts 8:12-25; Moroni, Is the Honda Accord AWD? What is DIBELS? Who can bestow the gift of the holy ghost? Concurrent validity is the correlation between the NWF CLS score and the GRADE Total Test score, both administered at end of year. DIBELS/Acadience Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) and Whole Words Read (WWR) describe the two means to score for Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF). Form a three-person group. Local representation (please describe, including number of states). NWF assesses knowledge of basic letter-sound correspondences and the ability to blend letter sounds into consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) and vowel-consonant (VC) words. To successfully complete the NWF task, students must rely on their knowledge of letter-sound correspondences and how to blend sounds into whole words. Assessing nonsense words provides an idea of what the student may need to work on next. Please describe specific domain, skills or subtests: If yes, what technology is required to implement your program? It is not a reading program. *In the table(s) below, report the results of the reliability analyses described above (e.g., model-based evidence, internal consistency or inter-rater reliability coefficients). How much does it cost to renew your license SA? When you use mCLASS, you can be assured your students are getting the best the Science of Reading has to offer. 4Fb F531 Step 1: Multiply each subtest raw score by the corresponding weight listed in the table. %PDF-1.7 % Overview of PSF (Phoneme Segmentation Fluency). DIBELS (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) is a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of literacy skills. Composite Score. NWF-WWR: Nonsense Word Fluency Whole Words Read ORF-WRC: Oral Reading Fluency- Words Read Correctly. The placement of the running child indicates where your student is, and the level of support they require. Use the drop down menu to select the report year and period (Fall, Winter, Spring). dibels.uoregon.edu Green subtests with blue composite: Some students who score near the top of the green (at benchmark) range on all subtests may end up with a composite score in the blue (above benchmark) range. The Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE; Williams, 2001), a high- quality, nationally norm-referenced assessment, was used as an external criterion in the Benchmark Goal Study. DIBELS guidelines also specify that by the beginning of first grade, children need to be able to identify 37 letter names in one minute. Supported by U.S. Department of Education The NWF measure takes about 2 minutes to administer and has over 20 alternate forms, per grade, for monitoring progress. Since then, an ongoing series of studies on DIBELS has documented the reliability and validity of the various DIBELS subtests, as well as their sensitivity to student change. The student receives a point for WWR only if the student's first and only response for that word is correct and complete. Your email address will not be published. What does DIBELS composite score mean? Word Reading Fluency (WRF) is a standardized, individually-administered measure of accuracy and fluency reading sight words. Supported by U.S. Department of Education CLS (Correct Letter Sounds) WWR (Whole Words Read). !Thefinal!answer!is . The DIBELS measures were specifically designed to assess three of the five components of early literacy: Phonemic Awareness, Alphabetic Principle (Phonics), and fluency with text. A benchmark goal indicates a level of skill where the student is likely to achieve the next DIBELS benchmark goal or reading outcome. Again, the teacher should provide interventions for the children who fall below this goal level. Standardized directions are used to ask the student to read the make-believe words the best they can, reading either the whole word or saying any sounds they know. In the table below, report predictive validity of the slope (correlation between the slope and achievement outcome) by grade level (if relevant). h The program was developed at the University of Oregon and is used to help teachers identify struggling . - obN, \dA$i Yw(t2 hJcEJH0y TT 7#3Y!"]-Bg $W%A@L83,h%WNgv:C}`rFi5V ZbiBY The DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) test is a standardized, individually administered alphabetic principle test that includes letter-sound correspondence in which letters represent their most common sounds as well as the ability to blend letters into words in which letters represent their most common sounds. Use your district log-in. DIBELS stands for Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills. When implemented as recommended, DIBELS results can be used to evaluate individual student development as well as provide grade-level feedback toward validated instructional objectives. Count and record the total number of errors. Percentile Ranks of Acadience Reading Oral Reading Fluency Words Correct (ORF WC) 28 Table 16. The fundamental logic for developing the benchmark goals and cut points for risk was to begin with the external outcome goal and work backward in that step-by- step system. Most tools and programs evaluated by the NCII are branded products which have been submitted by the companies, organizations, or individuals that disseminate these products. NWF is not administered at the end of second grade, so concurrent validity could not be calculated. Thats a fact. The student is presented an 8.5 x 11 sheet of paper with randomly ordered VC and CVC nonsense words (e.g., sig, rav, ov) and asked to produce verbally either (a) the individual letter sound of each letter, or (b) verbally produce, or read, the whole nonsense word. Grades 4-6 added in 2007. 0000000016 00000 n Title IX, other applicable laws, and policies. The DIBELS Composite Score is a combination of multiple DIBELS scores and provides the best overall estimate of the students early literacy skills and/or reading proficiency. 0000005245 00000 n NWF-CLS: Nonsense Word Fluency - Correct Letter Sounds ORF-A: Oral Reading Fluency- Accuracy. Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) is a brief, direct measure of the alphabetic principle and basic phonics. Combined, the measures form an assessment system of early literacy development that allows educators to readily and reliably determine student progress in kindergarten through eighth grade. In many ways, the DIBELS 8th Edition does not look all that different from prior editions of DIBELS, including DIBELS Next. Word Reading Fluency (WRF) WRF measures the ability to read grade-level words from a page. Well Below Benchmark. CURRICULUM-BASED MEASUREMENT Star CBM allows you to accurately assess students development so that you can better target instruction and intervention to each learners specific needs. These nonsense words are letter sequences that are pronounceable and follow regular phonetic rules, but they have no meaning, such as bif, yom, or mig. The Acadience Reading K-6 benchmark goals provide targeted levels of skill that students need to achieve by specific points in time in order to be considered to be making adequate progress. These measures are . 'rBN/K\)=>J/D.mx6q_^y4|> Vi>;Tr> G :< (Select all that apply). The term can also refer to the act of putting alcohol or drugs on ones buttocks in order to become inebriated. The students are tested three times a year; Fall, Mid-Year, and Spring. Predictive validity for grade 1 is (a) the correlation between beginning-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2 and (b) the correlation between middle-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2. The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) help to identify whether a child will struggle with reading and to identify the child's current reading level. Visit us on Twitter. hj0Ee%Rd).Z[4WvK Research on DIBELS is conducted at the University of Oregon (UO) and began in the late 1980s. *In the table(s) below, report the results of the reliability analyses described above (e.g., internal consistency or inter-rater reliability coefficients). How do DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency scores Words Read Completely and Correctly. While individual scores help teachers know who is struggling with a specific skill, the average scores of the group help teachers determine the approach they need to take with the entire class. Global Indicator of Writting Expression Competence, Global Indicator of Mathematics Comprehension. mCLASS is a universal screener that measures the development of reading skills of all students in grades K-5 through two main assessments: Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) and the Text Reading Comprehension (TRC) assessments. Children who meet the goal are on track for reading success and the ability to comprehend text. The percentile ranks for the Acadience Reading national norms are based on a large national sample of school children across the United States. DIBELS benchmark goals are empirically derived, criterion-referenced target scores that represent adequate reading prog- ress. What are the five major reasons humans create art? DIBELS added measures of comprehension, including Maze. This coefficient represents the extent to which the NWF CLS score is related to important reading outcomes. For example, if the student reads dif as /d/ /i/ /f/ the score for Correct Letter Sounds is 3. You may have two students who scored a 17 cls on the assessment, but have two very different needs in terms of intervention. By the end of first grade they are at risk if they are reading below 40 words. How do I know if my valve spring is broken? and the student read /d/ /i/ /f/ the score for correct letter sound would be 3. Count and record the total number of errors. The intent is to develop generalizable benchmark goals and cut points that are relevant and appropriate for a wide variety of reading outcomes, across a wide variety of states and regions, and for diverse groups of students. The test items used for NWF are phonetically regular make-believe (nonsense or pseudo) words. Tools and programs have the opportunity to be updated annually or upon request. What are DIBELS? Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) tests your knowledge of basic letter-sound correspondences as well as your ability to blend letter sounds into consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) and vowel-consonant (VC) words. DIBELS was developed to measure recognized and empirically validated skills related to general reading outcomes. Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) is the number of letter sounds produced correctly in 1 minute. Low risk. Most data-management services will calculate the DIBELS Composite Score for you. DIBELS is a registered trademark of the University of Oregon. The final combined sample included approximately 2,765,000 students from 8,805 schools within 2,211 school districts in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, representing every census region in the United States. DIBELS are measures that help teachers and schools determine how students are performing on important reading skills. CLS (Correct Letter Sounds) WWR (Whole Words Read) Measure of the alphabetic. Word Fluency Correct Letter Sounds (NWF CLS) 22 Table 14. trailer <]/Prev 326416/XRefStm 1027>> startxref 0 %%EOF 2235 0 obj <>stream Grade level targets for a student to achieve are: 1st grade: 44 wpm (words per minute). The scores are indicated by the icon of the running child. First Sound Fluency (FSF) is a brief, direct measure of a students fluency in identifying the initial sounds in words. What is the most popular souvenir in Singapore? Research and development are ongoing, including studies validating DIBELS 8th Edition as a dyslexia screener and creating new subtests for skills like encoding and initial sound identification. Most tools and programs evaluated by the NCII are branded products which have been submitted by the companies, organizations, or individuals that disseminate these products. 0000003096 00000 n Subtract the errors from the total and record the words read correctly . To put it another way, how well a student can segment a spoken word into basic sound segments or phonemes? By the end of kindergarten, the child's nonsense word fluency goal increases to 25. This DIBELS assessment tests whether a child can break a word into its individual sounds. What . endstream endobj 729 0 obj <>stream Nonsense word fluency is an assessment made up of nonsense words with students being assessed on their ability to read as many as they can in one minute. DIBELS are comprised of seven measures to function as indicators of phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, accuracy and fluency with connected text, reading comprehension, and vocabulary. If their DIBELS scoring is lower than 35, the teacher should provide immediate, intensive intervention. In the table below, report reliability of the slope (e.g., ratio of true slope variance to total slope variance) by grade level (if relevant). The ability to segment two to four phoneme words into individual phonemes is measured by PSF. Subtract the errors from the total and record the words read correctly . Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) Nonsense Word Fluency - Correct Letter Sounds (NWF-CLS) Nonsense Word Fluency - Words Recoded Correctly (NWF-WRC) NWF-CLS measures basic phonics skills. Communicate DIBELS Next assessment results with parents using these Make, Take & Teach parent handouts. Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious is a collection of words that sound like speech but are actually gibberish nonsense with no meaning. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Assessments of nonsense word fluency begins in the winter of kindergarten with students needing to meet the DIBELS benchmarks score level to be on track for literacy skills. NWF. 0000001405 00000 n hn0_o?J@Xm r$Z& religion, marital status, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, While some students are reading before elementary school, true fluency may not occur until second, third or a later grade for some children. Use modeling, teacher-led, and independent practice with feedback to help students build accuracy with a new skill. The first widely-available edition of DIBELS. NCII administrators and members of our Technical Review Committees have reviewed the content on this page, but NCII cannot guarantee that this information is free from error or reflective of recent changes to the product. This coefficient represents the extent to which the NWF CLS score is related to important reading outcomes. 0000003297 00000 n The measures are consistent with many of the Common Core State Standards in Reading, especially those for Foundational Skills. DIBELS 8th Edition is more useful for more students in more grades than ever before. pP.A5BH@;p0 i@ B6 . 0AT"mH"{I-qJgg"4Ka9~~x Use the constant values for the missing subtest/s score/s. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 2. The Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) is the number of letter sounds produced correctly in 1 minute. mCLASS, powered by DIBELS 8th Edition, offers teacher-administered literacy assessments and intervention for grades K-6.. NWF is not administered at the end of second grade, so concurrent validity could not be calculated. Title IX Coordinator, Office of Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity, or to the Office Because students can focus on the meaning of the text, they are more likely to comprehend material if they read with automaticity and have appropriate speed, accuracy, and proper expression. The roles are: Examiner Student Observer Select Teacher Class Report Choose DIBELS test (Click on DIBELS).